Spirogyras are found in freshwater environments like shallow ponds, ditches, and at the edges of lakes. This layer is very thin and much less rigid. safeway new westminster station parking; pluto conjunct prenatal solar eclipse; shandon hotel balance back The plant body of volvox is a hollow sphere called coenobium, thousands of cells are arranged in the periphery of the sphere. A subset of the amoebozoans, the slime molds, has several morphological similarities to fungi that are thought to be the result of convergent evolution. | Characteristics of Algae Microorganisms, Autotrophic Protists | Overview, Characteristics & Examples. These isolates would be morphologically classified as amoebozoans. Spirogyras, commonly known as blanket weeds, water silk, or mermaids tresses, are multicellular, free-floating algae that are commonly found to live in fresh water habitats such as ponds, pools, tanks, lakes, and stagnant waters. An example is a protist called Spirogyra, a type of algae, shown Figure below. Spirogyra comes from the Latin, spira, meaning spiral, and the Greek, gyra, meaning circle. How much does it cost to install deck stairs? Movement of these two perpendicular flagella causes a spinning motion. The familiar Spirogyra is a charophyte . Red tides can be massively detrimental to commercial fisheries, and humans who consume these protists may become poisoned. Carbohydrates in this wall are the source of agarose used for electrophoresis gels and agar for solidifying bacterial media. protist, any member of a group of diverse eukaryotic, predominantly unicellular microscopic organisms. Named for their beautiful spiral chloroplasts, spirogyras are filamentous algae that consist of thin unbranched chains of cylindrical cells. Spirogyra (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteristic of the genus. Spirogyra can reproduce both sexually, via conjugation, and asexually, via fragmentation. Leeuwenhoek noticed little green clouds floating through the water which he collected and brought home to examine. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The alveolates are named for the presence of an alveolus, or membrane-enclosed sac, beneath the cell membrane. Green algae. Almost all plant-like protists are a type of algae. Protists do not share many similarities, but are grouped together because . All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. American jazz fusion band Spyro Gyra was named after this genus of algae. mo. Its easily forgotten that algae like Spirogyra are living creatures just like you and I that require energy and can reproduce sexually. Even a Spirogyras death can result in fragmentation. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Brainly User. The organelle itself is responsible for the process of photosynthesis. As with plasmodial slime molds, the spores are disseminated and can germinate if they land in a moist environment. Currently, the domain Eukarya is divided into six supergroups. Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that share some traits with animals. A spirogyra is plant-like because of the presence of chlorophyll which allows it to make its own food. His love for science and all things microscopic moves him to share everything he knows about microscopy and microbiology. In these organisms, the single, apical flagellum is surrounded by a contractile collar composed of microvilli. These protists exist in freshwater and marine habitats, and are a component of plankton, the typically microscopic organisms that drift through the water and serve as a crucial food source for larger aquatic organisms. Hydra and obelia. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The term protist typically is used in reference to a eukaryote that is not a true animal, plant, or fungus or in reference to a eukaryote that lacks a multicellular stage. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. If two protist spores are close together, they can fuse to form a diploid zygote. Pamela Vandivort has taught Science/STEM for 11+ years. The diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic protists that encase themselves in intricately patterned, glassy cell walls composed of silicon dioxide in a matrix of organic particles (Figure 23.27). The chloroplast of photosynthetic dinoflagellates was derived by secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga. Microscopic view of spirogyra with its spiral-shaped chloroplasts. Throughout these reactions, water molecules are split, and oxygen is released into the atmosphere.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'microscopeclarity_com-banner-1','ezslot_4',124,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-microscopeclarity_com-banner-1-0'); The structure of Spirogyra can be broken down into the following parts: The cell wall is typically organized into three main layers, including the primary cell wall, middle lamella, and the secondary cell wall. The macronucleus is a multiploid nucleus constructed from the micronucleus during sexual reproduction. Diplomonads exist in anaerobic environments and use alternative pathways, such as glycolysis, to generate energy. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 (Science Facts). They can range anywhere from 10 to 100 micrometers wide and several centimeters long and are typically found in freshwater environments like shallow ponds and at the edges of lakes. They may share certain morphological and physiological characteristics with animals or plants or both. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. To truly classify as a protist, spirogyra must have both plant and animal characteristics, and they do. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. This layer is much thicker and stronger, which accounts for the deposition of carbohydrates. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . The vegetative structure or plant body of Spirogyra is known as thallus. Spirogyra: is the green algae which is plant like because of the presence of chlorophyll. Spirogyra characteristics include being capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction. Foraminiferans are unusual in that they are the only eukaryotes known to participate in the nitrogen cycle by denitrification, an activity usually served only by prokaryotes. A famous protozoologist, one of the first in human history known as Clifford Dobell, worked under Leeuwenhoek. The thallus is un-branched and filamentous shaped, measuring approximately 10 to 100 m in width and may grow up to several centimeters in length. The protists called Spirogyra . Protists are the oldest eukaryotic microorganisms, having a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Asexual, or vegetative, reproduction occurs by simple fragmentation of the filaments. The plant body of Spirogyra is an un-branched filamentous thallus (Fig. (editors) 2002. Answer (1 of 17): To give a short and precise answer for your question- they are multicellular. And its is Eukaryote because its cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envel . In the brown algae genus Laminaria, haploid spores develop into multicellular gametophytes, which produce haploid gametes that combine to produce diploid organisms that then become multicellular organisms with a different structure from the haploid form (Figure 23.28). Corrections? The apical complex is specialized for entry and infection of host cells. Heterotrophs are plants that get their daily energy source by feeding on other organisms. In vegetative reproduction, fragmentation takes place, and Spirogyra simply undergoes intercalary cell division to extend the length of the new filaments. One representative genus of the cellular slime molds is Dictyostelium, which commonly exists in the damp soil of forests. Updates? The whole circumference of each of these streaks was about the thickness of a hair of ones head. The chlorophyte Volvox is one of only a few examples of a colonial organism, which behaves in some ways like a collection of individual cells, but in other ways like the specialized cells of a multicellular organism (Figure 23.11). In 1860, however, British naturalist John Hogg took exception to the imposition of the plant and animal categories on the protists and proposed a fourth kingdom, named Protoctista (the other three kingdoms encompassed the animals, the plants, and the minerals). They can form masses that float near the surface of streams and ponds, buoyed by oxygen bubbles released during photosynthesis. You can identity plant like protist because of their green or golden brown color. July 4, 2022 July 4, 2022. How do I change my Apple ID password if I don't know it? Spirogyra is a kind of algae that is studied in chapters that are based on plant reproduction. Along with rhizarians and other shelled protists, diatoms help to maintain a balanced carbon cycle. Its comparable to a honeycomb-like structure. Individual syrogyra cells connect, end-to-end to make multicellular filaments. Types of Blood Cells With Their Structure, and Functions, The Main Parts of a Plant With Their Functions, Parts of a Flower With Their Structure and Functions, Parts of a Leaf With Their Structure and Functions, Plant Cell: Parts and Structure With Functions. Depending upon the thickness of the cell wall and their ability to move, spores inSpirogyracan be of three types aplanospores (thin-walled and non-motile), akinetes (thick-walled and non-motile) and azygospores (thin-walled and motile). Dobell is credited with putting names to the descriptions for many of the microorganisms described by Leeuwenhoek. The tests may house photosynthetic algae, which the forams can harvest for nutrition. Red algae have a second cell wall outside an inner cellulose cell wall. The diploid micronucleus in each cell then undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid micronuclei. Moreover, what type of protist is spirogyra? Foraminiferans are also useful as indicators of pollution and changes in global weather patterns. Spirogyra is a genus of filamentous green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is diagnostic of the genus. Once at the surface, Spirogyra mats quickly dry up. More complex chlorophyte species exhibit haploid gametes and spores that resemble Chlamydomonas. This phenomenon is called a red tide, and it results from the abundant red pigments present in dinoflagellate plastids. Three of these degenerate in each cell, leaving one micronucleus that then undergoes mitosis, generating two haploid micronuclei. In both green algae and plants, carbohydrates are stored in the plastid. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'microscopeclarity_com-leader-1','ezslot_6',137,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-microscopeclarity_com-leader-1-0'); Lateral conjugation is the second form of sexual reproduction via conjugation. Remarkably, Spirogyra were possibly the very first microorganisms ever studied by the Dutch scientist known as Antoine van Leeuwenhoek. These organisms are of special interest, because they appear to be so closely related to animals. Go out today, find a sample, observe it under your microscope, and have fun!if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'microscopeclarity_com-leader-2','ezslot_9',127,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-microscopeclarity_com-leader-2-0'); Brandon is an enthusiast, hobbyist, and amateur in the world of microscopy. Protists are neither animal or plant, but their own category. Is . Chlamydomonas is a simple, unicellular chlorophyte with a pear-shaped morphology and two opposing, anterior flagella that guide this protist toward light sensed by its eyespot. (a) From memory, make a list of the elements in the first two rows of the periodic table, together with their numbers of valence electrons. In the late 1930s American botanist Herbert F. Copeland proposed a separate kingdom for the bacteria (kingdom Monera), based on their unique absence of a clearly defined nucleus. What are the connections between the upper and lower protists for? Spirogyra are a valuable food source for an abundance of freshwater organisms, such as aquatic insects, scuds and snails. Without photosynthetic organisms like Spirogyra that undergo oxygenic photosynthesis, our atmosphere would be much too concentrated with carbon dioxide and would possibly be too toxic to breathe and survive. is spirogyra a protist or plant. Spirogyra get their name from the unique, spiral pattens of chloroplasts within each cell. In spring Spirogyra grows under water, but when there is enough sunlight and warmth they produce large amounts of oxygen, adhering as bubbles between the tangled filaments. [5], Patch of Spirogyra from algal blooming in Westfalian pond, "UMA HISTRIA QUE GIRA EM TORNO DE UMA ALGA", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spirogyra&oldid=1137401390. The term protist typically is used in reference to a eukaryote that is not a true animal, plant, or fungus or in reference to a eukaryote that lacks a multicellular stage. Keep in mind that the classification scheme presented here represents just one of several hypotheses, and the true evolutionary relationships are still to be determined. How do I adopt an UniFi switch managed by another? Food captured in the oral groove enters a food vacuole, where it combines with digestive enzymes. The chlorophytes exhibit great diversity of form and function. The chloroplasts form a spiral around the vacuole and have specialized bodies known as pyrenoids that store starch. You can find Spirogyra commonly in acidic ponds, lakes, or slow-moving streams and estuaries. These stomata help with the intake of carbon dioxide which is used in the chemical conversion process. They are greenish in color, ranging from bright green to yellowish-brownish-green. Some brown algae have evolved specialized tissues that resemble terrestrial plants, with root-like holdfasts, stem-like stipes, and leaf-like blades that are capable of photosynthesis. An error occurred trying to load this video. These chloroplasts are spirally coiled in the structure. Spirogyra is a plant. NCERT LAB MANUAL QUESTIONS. Paramecium Characteristics & Structure | What is Paramecium? Individual, oblong spirogyra cells link together, end-to-end, to form long, thin, multicellular filaments. Acting as an essential food source for humans since they provide a rich source of nutrients including vitamin A and E. Providing a source of natural bioactive compounds that contains antibiotic, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties. Vampyrellids or "vampire amoebae," as their name suggests, obtain their nutrients by thrusting a pseudopod into the interior of other cells and sucking out their contents. Mitosis in dinoflagellates is closed, that is, the spindle separates the chromosomes from outside of the nucleus without breakdown of the nuclear envelope. Sexual reproduction occurs by a process known as conjugation, in which cells of two filaments lying side by side are joined by outgrowths called conjugation tubes. There are around 400 species of Spirogyra found. Slide Plant, Animal, Protist; or Bacteria Prokaryote or Eukaryote Spirogyra Human . Animals and other living organisms are biologically classified based on a ranked system of structurally or phylogenetically related species. Euglena has a tough pellicle composed of bands of protein attached to the cytoskeleton. A papillae reaches across from one Spirogyra to the other while the second Spirogyra forms a conjugation tube. A very common type of plant-like protist are diatoms which are a type of golden algae. The chloroplast of these algae is derived from red alga. Spirogyra cells contain chloroplasts which are responsible for creating their green color. In Spirogyra, gametes are non-motile and sexual reproduction takes place by conjugation. View this video to see the formation of a fruiting body by a cellular slime mold. They get their name because their chloroplasts, which are structures where photosynthesis takes place, form a spiral as you can see. Cells atop the stalk form an asexual fruiting body that contains haploid spores (Figure 23.15). Their life cycles are poorly understood. Spirogyra are visually magnificent to look at under a microscope but understanding their characteristics, structure, classification will help you appreciate these algae even more when you observe them. As a group, the forams exhibit porous shells, called tests that are built from various organic materials and typically hardened with calcium carbonate. Broadly they perform three modes of reproduction that are described below: It occurs mainly by a process called fragmentation. Consisting of a non-native strain of Spirogyra, these blooms usually appear next to coastal settlements at a depth of 0.5-0.6 m but they can extend downwards to depths of 20 m. The blooms clog the nets of fishers and strongly suppress native plant and animal communities ( Rozhkova et al., 2018 ). They reflect wavelengths in every color aside from green, which is why they appear green to the human eye. Food particles are lifted and engulfed into the slime mold as it glides along. As spirogyra filaments congregate near the surface of their freshwater source, they form sheets or mats. The protists called Spirogyra make up a group of about 400 species of green algae. The water molds, oomycetes (egg fungus), were so-named based on their fungus-like morphology, but molecular data have shown that the water molds are not closely related to fungi. Torque & Angular Momentum | Relationship, Facts & Examples. (credit: modification of work by Hannes Grobe, Alfred Wegener Institute; scale-bar data from Matt Russell), A Chlorarachniophyte. The complex process of sexual reproduction in. The chromalveolates can be subdivided into alveolates and stramenopiles. The familiar genus, Euglena, encompasses some mixotrophic species that display a photosynthetic capability only when light is present. There is a world out there that is all around us and microscopes give us the ability to see the invisible and learn some amazing things about this world and others. The life cycle of Spirogyra occurs via one of the three ways; vegetative, asexual, and sexual. Is spirogyra considered a plant like cell or animal like cellwhy? Under Copelands arrangement, the kingdom Protista thus consisted of nucleated life that was neither plant nor animal. The life cycle of Spirogyra is haplontic, i.e. Within each supergroup are multiple kingdoms. How do I stop my screen from lighting up? It is often observed as green slimy patches on the ground near ponds and other water bodies having stagnant water. They move slowly in the liquid medium and are also capable of orientation towards light. Correct option is C) Spirogyra, (genus Spirogyra), any member of a genus of some 400 species of free-floating green algae (division Chlorophyta) found in freshwater environments. By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following: In the span of several decades, the Kingdom Protista has been disassembled because sequence analyses have revealed new genetic (and therefore evolutionary) relationships among these eukaryotes. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. consent of Rice University. How do you fix a flooded washing machine? The brightly colored plasmodium in the inset photo is a single-celled, multinucleate mass. Spirogyra are commonly known as water silk or pond silk. is spirogyra a protist or plant. They are eukaryotes, which means that their cells have a nucleus. By whom? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Under favourable conditions, vegetative reproduction is the . Desmids and Chlamydomonas are single-celled organisms, Spirogyra forms chains of cells, and Ulva forms multicellular structures resembling leaves, although the cells are not differentiated as they are in higher plants (credit b: modification of work by Derek Keats . Spirogyra is a green algae having a filamentous structure, which measures about 10-100 micrometer in width. Stentor Protist & Coeruleus Movement, Cell Structure & Characteristics. Read about spirogyras, spirogyra cells, and spirogyra characteristics. Harmful Protist - dinoflagellate, plasmodium Beneficial Fungi - Penicillium, mushroom Harmful Fungi- aspegillus, Trichoderma, molds, 3. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'microscopeclarity_com-box-4','ezslot_5',136,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-microscopeclarity_com-box-4-0');During oxygenic photosynthesis, the energy carried by light transfers energized electrons from water to carbon dioxide. Solved by verified expert. Conjugation is characterized as the fusion of a couple of gametes that are produced by two separate Spirogyra. The zygote is able to remain dormant for large periods of time, until conditions are favorable for germination. (credit: Prof. Gordon T. Taylor, Stony Brook University, NSF, NOAA), Alternation of generations in a brown alga. This results from just about any mechanical damage to the parent Spirogyra. Vegetative reproduction occurs through fragmentation. Glaucophytes are a small group of Archaeplastida interesting because their chloroplasts retain remnants of the peptidoglycan cell wall of the ancestral cyanobacterial endosymbiont (Figure 23.10). The majority of reliable scientific sources classify spirogyra as protists. Their characteristic gold color results from their extensive use of carotenoids, a group of photosynthetic pigments that are generally yellow or orange in color. Asexual reproduction is thus a form of adaptation inSpirogyra. Leeuwenhoek used these lenses to explore the microbial world that was suddenly visible to him. Both mitosis and meiosis occur during sexual reproduction. The cells of coenobium are of two types, germ cells and flagellated somatic cells. The apicoplast genome is similar to those of dinoflagellate chloroplasts. 1. Protists are organisms that have characteristics of both plants and animals, therefore don't solidly fit within the plant or animal kingdoms alone. The following decade he revived the name Protoctista, using it in favour of Protista. Amoeba proteus is a large amoeba about 500 m in diameter but is dwarfed by the multinucleate amoebae Pelomyxa, which can be 10 times its size. Diatoms Overview & Characteristics | What are Diatoms? This is performed by softening of the cross wall between the two adjacent cells, as a result of which each part or piece of the broken filament grows out into a filament by repeated cell divisions, or by the accidental breaking of the filament by external mechanical injury. Six years later German zoologist Ernst Haeckel (having dropped the mineral kingdom) proposed a third kingdom, the Protista, to embrace microorganisms. The most comprehensive answer is both. There are mainly three types of spores that aid in asexual reproduction: Sexual reproduction occurs by the formation of the zygospore during favorable conditions. (credit: catalano82/Flickr), Apicomplexa. The goal for Microscope Clarity is to be the ultimate source for any information on microscopes and microbiology for fun or scientific inquiry. Diplomonads have four pairs of locomotor flagella that are fairly deeply rooted in basal bodies that lie between the two nuclei. Record in Data Table 2. of plant and animal cells, with an emphasis on plant cells. Slide Plant, Animal, Protist, or Bacteria Prokaryote or Eukaryote Spirogyra Human Epithelial Cells Mixed Prokaryote and Eukaryote Bacteria Smear Amoeba Onion Root . Spirogyra (genus Spirogyra) is a genus of over 400 species of free-floating green algae (division Chlorophyta) that can be found in freshwater habitats all over the world. It usually exists as haploid cells that reproduce by binary fission. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Since they do not wholly fit into other groups like plants, animals, bacteria, or fungi, they are categorized under a separate kingdom called Protista.The members of this diverse kingdom are primarily unicellular and less complex in structure than other eukaryotes. Jan 9, 2023 OpenStax. Watch the video of the contractile vacuole of Paramecium expelling water to keep the cell osmotically balanced. are licensed under a, Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks, Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities, Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes, Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy, Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle, Connections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolic Pathways, The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis, Using Light Energy to Make Organic Molecules, Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors, Mendels Experiments and the Laws of Probability, Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation, Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation, Viral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification, Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections, Other Acellular Entities: Prions and Viroids, Structure of Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea, The Evolutionary History of the Animal Kingdom, Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Flatworms, Rotifers, and Nemerteans, Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Molluscs and Annelids, Superphylum Ecdysozoa: Nematodes and Tardigrades, Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System, Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids, Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions, Human Reproductive Anatomy and Gametogenesis, Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development, Climate and the Effects of Global Climate Change, Environmental Limits to Population Growth, Behavioral Biology: Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior, The Importance of Biodiversity to Human Life. Molecular evidence supports the hypothesis that all Archaeplastida are descendents of an endosymbiotic relationship between a heterotrophic protist and a cyanobacterium. They can form masses that float near the surface of streams and ponds, buoyed by . For approximately 20 species of marine dinoflagellates, population explosions (also called blooms) during the summer months can tint the ocean with a muddy red color. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. She has a Bachelor of Science in Biology and a Master of Education. To increase surface area and maximize light exposure, the filaments conduct a slow movement routine of bending, twisting and straightening. Which of the following types of microorganisms is photosynthetic? Junho 11, 2022; real estate practice final exam . This occurs between two separate cells of the same Spirogyra filament. The cells each exchange one of these haploid nuclei and move away from each other. Euglenophta. This phenomenon, called convergent evolution, is one reason why protist classification is so challenging. Direct lateral conjugation is less common and thought to have been the primitive mode of reproduction. Daughter colonies are produced with their flagella on the inside and have to evert as they are released. Photosynthesis can be separated into two categories: oxygenic and anoxygenic. Corrections? Spirogyra forms long filaments that are capable of bending and curving, enabling locomotion. There is some debate as to whether Leeuwenhoek was describing the Spirogyra or if it was actually microorganisms known as Arthrospira or Spirulina, which are similar in appearance to filamentous cyanobacteria. By contrast, animals are without photosynthetic pigments (colourless), actively motile, nutritionally phagotrophic (and therefore required to capture or absorb important nutrients), and without walls around their cells. This group includes the genus Plasmodium, which causes malaria in humans. The green algae are subdivided into the chlorophytes and the charophytes. Spirogyra is a genus of algae with a complex life cycle. The red algae life cycle is an unusual alternation of generations that includes two sporophyte phases, with meiosis occurring only in the second sporophyte. A spirogyra characteristic found within both plants and animals is that it can reproduce both sexually and asexually. In addition to a vacuole-based digestive system, Paramecium also uses contractile vacuoles, which are osmoregulatory vesicles that fill with water as it enters the cell by osmosis and then contract to squeeze water from the cell. They may share certain morphological and physiological characteristics with animals or plants or both. Many stramenopiles also have an additional flagellum that lacks hair-like projections (Figure 23.26). The male cytoplasm migrates through the conjugation canal, fusing with the female. The green algae exhibit features similar to those of the land plants, particularly in terms of chloroplast structure. The previous supergroups are all the products of primary endosymbiontic events and their organellesnucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplastsare what would be considered "typical," i.e., matching the diagrams you would find in an introductory biology book.
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is spirogyra a protist or plant