how many idols were in the kaaba before islam

The Kaaba with kiswa, c. 1910 (photo: G. Eric or Edith Matson, Library of Congress), Muhyi Lari, illustration of The Great Mosque, Futuh al-Haramayn (a Handbook for Pilgrims to Mecca and Medina), fols 19b20a, 1582, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (The Khalili Collection). After Muhammad entered Mecca in 630, he destroyed the statue of Hubal from the Kaaba along with the idols of all the other pagan gods. One family of the tribe built a large church at Najran called Deir Najran, also known as the "Ka'ba of Najran". [125] The Quraysh upheld the principle of two annual truces, one of one month and the second of three months, which conferred a sacred character to the Meccan sanctuary. ; ; how many idols were in the kaaba before islam calcolo abitanti equivalenti veritas Posted on 02-Jun-2022 esercizi indicazioni stradali By dialogo tra creonte e emone on how many idols were in the kaaba before islam ", Ibn Kathir, in his famous exegesis (tafsir) of the Quran, mentions two interpretations among the Muslims on the origin of the Kaaba. The number of idols around the Holy Ka'bah was approximately 360. [73] This form of divination was also attested in Palmyra, evidenced by an honorific inscription in the temple of al-Lat. [18] Various sculptures and paintings were held inside the Kaaba. . [73], The most common offerings were animals, crops, food, liquids, inscribed metal plaques or stone tablets, aromatics, edifices and manufactured objects. [114] A deity's or oracle's failure to provide the desired response was sometimes met with anger. The most important of these were the beliefs of the Arabs. The vicinity of the shrine was also made a sanctuary where bloodshed and war were forbidden. [58] In South Arabia, rs2w and 'fkl were used to refer to priests, and other words include qyn ("administrator") and mrtd ("consecrated to a particular divinity"). [157], The god Ashar was represented on a stele in Dura-Europos alongside another god Sa'd. [13], A large number of deities did not have proper names and were referred to by titles indicating a quality, a family relationship, or a locale preceded by "he who" or "she who" (dh or dht respectively). Saudi archeologist Mohammed Almaghthawi discovered some rock inscriptions mentioning the Masjid al-Haram and the Kaaba, dating back to the first and second centuries of Islam. Muhyi Lari, illustration of The Great Mosque, The Kaaba with surrounding colonnades and minarets, pre-Islamic monument, rededicated by Muhammad in 63132 C.E., multiple renovations, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (photo: marviikad, CC BY-NC 2.0). Which mosque was first built on the surface of the earth?" From Safaitic and Hismaic inscriptions, it is probable that she was worshiped as Lat (lt). [101], The majority of extant information about Mecca during the rise of Islam and earlier times comes from the text of the Quran itself and later Muslim sources such as the prophetic biography literature dealing with the life of Muhammad and the Book of Idols. [3] It is considered by Muslims to be the Bayt Allah (Arabic: , lit. [123] The distribution of pagan temples supports Gerald Hawting's argument that Arabian polytheism was marginalized in the region and already dying in Mecca on the eve of Islam. Muhammad took part in the reconstruction of the Kaaba after its structure was damaged due to floods around 600 CE. 2) Pozzuoli, Electa Napoli 2008, pp. Gabriel is important to Islam because he's one of the primary messengers sent from God. Since there is a door , Posted 8 years ago. with alternating courses of masonry and wood. [156] Ma'n, an Arab god, was worshipped alongside Abgal in a temple dedicated in 195 AD at Khirbet Semrin in the Palmyrene region while an inscription dated 194 AD at Ras esh-Shaar calls him the "good and bountiful god". Since he lived in tents, he built that place for the worship of God and for the offering of sacrifices. Wksht07 Islam (v4) Daniyal This is a long worksheet because Islam is not well known to most Americans, but most of the questions only require a short answer. [105] Some of these works were based on subsequently lost earlier texts, which in their turn recorded a fluid oral tradition. [79] These included Bel, a god popular in the Syrian city of Palmyra, the Mesopotamian deities Nabu and Shamash, the Greek deities Poseidon and Artemis and the west Arabian deities Kahl and Manat.[79]. Mohammed al-Harabi. [189], In pre-Islamic times, the population of Eastern Arabia consisted of Christianized Arabs (including Abd al-Qays) and Aramean Christians among other religions. [160] Adherents would go on a pilgrimage to the idol and shave their heads, then mix their hair with wheat, "for every single hair a handful of wheat". [33] According to that hypothesis, the Kaaba was first consecrated to a supreme deity named Allah and then hosted the pantheon of Quraysh after their conquest of Mecca, about a century before the time of Muhammad. [4], Each kingdom's central temple was the focus of worship for the main god and would be the destination for an annual pilgrimage, with regional temples dedicated to a local manifestation of the main god. [70] The other method, the practice of randomly selecting an arrow with instructions, was widely attested and was common throughout Arabia. Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, it is the holiest shrine in, Map of Mecca, Saudi Arabia (NormanEinstein, CC BY-SA 3.0, In Islam, Muslims pray five times a day and after 624 C.E., these prayers were directed towards Mecca and the Kaaba rather than Jerusalem; this direction (or qibla in Arabic), is marked in all mosques and enables the faithful to know in what direction they should pray. Adherents of Islam, called Muslims, number approximately 1.9 billion globally and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete . 'House of Allah'). Were there idols in Kaaba? [Quran2:144][67] In 628 CE, Muhammad led a group of Muslims towards Mecca with the intention of performing the Umrah, but was prevented from doing so by the Quraysh. This combat-free zone allowed Mecca to thrive not only as a place of pilgrimage, but also as a trading center. [2][26][28][29][32], Regional variants of the word Allah occur in both pagan and Christian pre-Islamic inscriptions. How do Hindus view the incident? Lamp-like objects (possible lanterns or crucible censers) hang from the ceiling. "[34] The Asatir book was likely compiled in the 10th century CE,[35] though Moses Gaster suggested in 1927 that it was written no later than the second half of the 3rd century BCE. [166] The dead were not regarded as powerful, but rather as deprived of protection and needing charity of the living as a continuation of social obligations beyond the grave. [130] Following the conquest, shrines and temples dedicated to deities were destroyed, such as the shrines to al-Lat, al-Uzza and Manat in Taif, Nakhla and al-Qudayd respectively. how many idols were in the kaaba before islam. The ceiling itself is of a darker colour, similar in hue to the lower trimming. [104][124] According to some traditions, the Kaaba contained no statues, but its interior was decorated with images of Mary and Jesus, prophets, angels, and trees. [116], Other deities of the Quraysh in Mecca included Manaf, Isaf and Naila. In Petra, the only major goddess is Al-Uzz, assuming the traits of Isis, Tyche and Aphrodite. The descendants of Abna, the Persian conquerors of Yemen, were followers of Zoroastrianism. [163] The Bedouins regarded some trees, wells, caves and stones as sacred objects, either as fetishes or as means of reaching a deity. [55], The Dilmun civilization, which existed along the Persian Gulf coast and Bahrain until the 6th century BC, worshipped a pair of deities, Inzak and Meskilak. The beasts would have their ears slit and would be left to pasture without a herdsman, allowing them to die a natural death. how many idols were in the kaaba before islam . That Kaaba was different to the one prior to it, and the current one is extremely different to that one! [75] Camel-herding Arabs would devote some of their beasts to certain deities. [133], The Safaitic tribes in particular prominently worshipped the goddess al-Lat as a bringer of prosperity. The idols were made by other humans like them, and sometimes they made them themselves, from dates, clay and other things. Islam worships only 1 god Summarize: Describe what happened to the Muslim community in . [104] There is evidence to support the contention that some reports of the sras are of dubious validity, but there is also evidence to support the contention that the sra narratives originated independently of the Quran. It is believed that Ibrahim and Ismail (peace be upon them) first made the Kaaba, but they were thousands of years before the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). In short, the society was in darkness and the world was in need of guidance from God. The ceremony takes place on the 1st of Sha'baan, the eighth month of the Islamic calendar, around thirty days before the start of the month of Ramadan and on the 15th of Muharram, the first month. [33] However, there is also evidence that Allah and Hubal were two distinct deities. Monimos derived from Mu'nim or "the favourable one", and was another name of Ruda or Ruldaiu as apparent from spellings of his name in Sennacherib's Annals. [64], The ums were the Quraysh, Banu Kinanah, Banu Khuza'a and Banu 'Amir. C. 360. Hajj pilgrims are generally advised to "make awf" at least twice once as part of the Hajj, and again before leaving Mecca. [66], The ancient Arabs that inhabitated the Arabian Peninsula before the advent of Islam used to profess a widespread belief in fatalism (adar) alongside a fearful consideration for the sky and the stars, which they held to be ultimately responsible for every phenomena that occurs on Earth and for the destiny of humankind. Muhammad, as was his modus operandi, imitated, plagiarized, perverted and acted up stories that belonged to Hebrew, Israelite and Jewish leaders. [16] They were known as the sun (shms) of their ancestors. How many idols were there in Kaaba before conquest of Makkah? Historians say that . Hawkam was invoked alongside Anbay as god of "command and decision" and his name is derived from the root word "to be wise". [28], Imoti contends that there were numerous such Kaaba sanctuaries in Arabia at one time, but this was the only one built of stone. [80], The encroachment of northern Arab tribes into South Arabia also introduced northern Arab deities into the region. [166], Bedouin religious experience also included an apparently indigenous cult of ancestors. Muslims also believe he told Mary about giving birth to Jesus, and also communicated with Ibrahim (Abraham). to offer the prayers in time). I know this sections is dedicated to medieval art but since it happens to be so religious because of the advent of christianity and islam i was wondering if you guys had a jewish art section or would that be in the ancient arts section? Please enter your comment! Direct link to Isabelle Willame's post Hi By Cachet Estate Homes luxus catering frankfurt; vogelflug arbeitsblatt; ehrenwort faschtbnkler noten klavier; [citation needed], Muslims initially considered Jerusalem as their qibla, or prayer direction, and faced toward it while offering prayers; however, pilgrimage to the Kaaba was considered a religious duty though its rites were not yet finalized. awf (Arabic: , lit. [166] Julius Wellhausen has observed that such spirits were thought to inhabit desolate, dingy and dark places and that they were feared. Basic Knowledge of Islam; Battles of Islam; Hajj; Zakat; Nimaz; Prophets of Islam; Saum and Fasting; Life of Muhammad PBUH; Wives of Prophet PBUH; . The wall directly adjacent to the entrance of the Kaaba has six tablets inlaid with inscriptions, and there are several more tablets along the other walls. [13][14] Other scholars such as Glen Bowersock disagree and assert that it was. The god's idol was a human figure believed to control acts of divination, which was performed by tossing arrows before the statue. In fact there is only one part of the Kaaba that has remained the whole time, and that is the Black Stone, which was believed to have been sent to Ibrahim from heaven to place in the Kaaba when it was being made! Caretakers anoint the marble cladding with the same scented oil used to anoint the Black Stone outside. Images of all 360 idols were preserved in national museums of Turkey and Germany in WWII. [72], Before conversion to Christianity, the Aksumites followed a polytheistic religion that was similar to that of Southern Arabia. "Dhul-Khalasah" was an idol worshipped by Daws, Khath`am and Bajeela tribes and some other people in the Tabala area, 48 km south of Mecca. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) demolished 360 idols from Kaaba, Mecca when he took control of the site from Arab Polytheists by his Muslim army on order of Allah. [111] The sanctuary was dedicated to Hubal (Arabic: ), who, according to some sources, was worshiped as the greatest of the 360 idols the Kaaba contained, which probably represented the days of the year. This idol was one of the chief deities of the ruling Quraysh tribe. Direct link to TAalaka's post Do you guys ever plan on , Posted 9 years ago. [123] While many were reluctant to convert to a foreign faith, those faiths provided intellectual and spiritual reference points, and the old pagan vocabulary of Arabic began to be replaced by Jewish and Christian loanwords from Aramaic everywhere, including Mecca. Every Tribe, and house, had their own idol, and the Sacred House Kaaba was overcrowded with them. The king must change the outer silk cover of Kaaba and clean the interior rooms. [31], Charles Russell Coulter and Patricia Turner considered that Allah's name may be derived from a pre-Islamic god called Ailiah and is similar to El, Il, Ilah, and Jehovah. [118] He is thought by some scholars to be a sun-god. How many idols were there in Kaaba before conquest of Makkah? [57], Based on an earlier report by Agatharchides of Cnidus, Diodorus Siculus mentions a temple along the Red Sea coast, "which is very holy and exceedingly revered by all Arabians". One is that the shrine was a place of worship for mala'ikah angels before the creation of man. [84] Anbay's name was related to that of the Babylonian deity Nabu. The building is opened biannually for the ceremony of "The Cleaning of the Sacred Kaaba" (Arabic: , romanized:Tanzif al-Ka'bat al-Musharrafah, lit. The name of Nrw who is mentioned in Aksum inscriptions is related to that of the South Arabian god Nawraw, a deity of stars. [49] Paola Corrente, writing in Redefining Dionysus, considers she might have been a god of vegetation or a celestial deity of atmospheric phenomena and a sky deity. The current structure was built after the original building was damaged by fire during the siege of Mecca by Umayyads in 683. Various legends existed about the idols, including one that they were petrified after they committed adultery in the Kaaba. [31], According to Sarwar, about 400 years before the birth of Muhammad, a man named 'Amr bin Luhayy, who descended from Qahtan and was the king of Hijaz, placed an idol of Hubal on the roof of the Kaaba. [138], The Lihyanites worshipped the god Dhu-Ghabat and rarely turned to others for their needs. A shrine is a container for an image dedicated to a saint or a deity. Mai 21,2022 . Or maybe one person gets you the video and you comment on type of it or use skype. [76], In South Arabia, beginning with the Christian era, or perhaps a short while before, statuettes were presented before the deity, known as slm (male) or slmt (female). They are also to chant the Basmala and Takbir each time they complete one revolution. The influence of the adjacent Roman and Aksumite civilizations resulted in Christian communities in the northwest, northeast, and south of Arabia. [166] However, there is evidence that the word jinn is derived from Aramaic, ginnaye, which was widely attested in Palmyrene inscriptions. [119] The idols of Isf and N'ila were located near the Black Stone with a talbiyah performed to Isf during sacrifices. The Kaaba returned to the cube shape it had taken during Muhammad's time. What does the angel of gabriel have to do with muslims? The structure was severely damaged by a fire on 3 Rabi' I 64 AH or Sunday, 31 October 683 CE, during the first siege of Mecca in the war between the Umayyads and 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr,[74] an early Muslim who ruled Mecca for many years between the death of Ali and the consolidation of power by the Umayyads. 5 / 10. The basic shape and structure of the Kaaba have not changed since then. When did Muhammad destroy the idols in Mecca? [149], The worship of Pakidas, a Nabataean god, is attested at Gerasa alongside Hera in an inscription dated to the first century A.D. while an Arabian god is also attested by three inscriptions dated to the second century. Hawting, G.R. [19] Apart from the paintings of pagan idols decorating the walls, which were destroyed at the behest of Muhammad after his conquest of Mecca,[19] there were also paintings of angels, of Ibrahim holding divination arrows, and of Isa (Jesus) and his mother Maryam (Mary), which Muhammad spared. ( 3:95) The first house established for the people was at Makka, a Holy place and guidance to all beings. The Kaaba, granite masonry, covered with silk curtain and calligraphy in gold and silver-wrapped thread, pre-Islamic monument, rededicated by Muhammad in 63132 C.E., multiple renovations, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (photo: Muhammad Mahdi Karim, GNU version 1.2 only). It was also said that Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufian was an idol merchant and . thank you for choosing me as your brand ambassador The Attorney And Legal Resource For Auctions And Auctioneers [126] Some Islamic rituals, including processions around the Kaaba and between the hills of al-Safa and Marwa, as well as the salutation "we are here, O Allah, we are here" repeated on approaching the Kaaba are believed to have antedated Islam. The Bb ut-Tawbahon the right wall (right of the entrance) opens to an enclosed staircase that leads to a hatch, which itself opens to the roof. Arabs also believed in jinn (subtle beings), and some vague divinity with many offspring. After over watching every procedure, he performs the prayer. Although the bigger room can be visited by the companions of the King but the smaller room is open only for the king. [14] Nomadic religious belief systems and practices are believed to have included fetishism, totemism and veneration of the dead but were connected principally with immediate concerns and problems and did not consider larger philosophical questions such as the afterlife. how many idols were in the kaaba before islam. [158], In Edessa, the solar deity was the primary god around the time of the Roman Emperor Julian and this worship was presumably brought in by migrants from Arabia. The Kaaba, granite masonry, covered with silk curtain and calligraphy in gold and silver-wrapped thread, pre-Islamic monument, rededicated by Muhammad in 63132 C.E., multiple renovations, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (photo: Pilgrimage to a holy site is a core principle of almost all faiths. All financially able-bodied Muslims have a major obligation to perform the six . [186] As the Persian Gulf region of Arabia increasingly fell under the influence of the Sassanians from the early third century, many of the inhabitants were exposed to Christianity following the eastward dispersal of the religion by Mesopotamian Christians. A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 08:08. Kiwa of the Kaaba at the gold door, 2016 (photo: Abdullah Shakoor, CC0 1.0 public domain). Direct link to Govaars, Elly's post I am wondering if the rel, Posted 5 years ago. In 624 CE, Muslims believe the direction of the qibla was changed from the Masjid al-Aqsa to the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, with the revelation of Surah 2, verse 144. [70] A simple form of this practice was reportedly performed before the image of Dhu'l-Khalasa by a certain man, sometimes said to be the Kindite poet Imru al-Qays according to al-Kalbi. The pre-Islamic Kaaba housed the Black Stone and statues of pagan gods. [58], Pilgrimages to sacred places would be made at certain times of the year. We have nothing in the sacred texts of Islam that describes how Muhammad preserved the religious idols of the Meccans so that they could freely continue to worship their idols at some other location. [4] Herodotus, writing in his Histories, reported that the Arabs worshipped Orotalt (identified with Dionysus) and Alilat (identified with Aphrodite). [20], Aside from benevolent gods and spirits, there existed malevolent beings. The literal meaning of the word Ka'bah (Arabic: ) is cube. Evidence from surviving inscriptions suggests that each of the southern kingdoms had its own pantheon of three to five deities, the major deity always being a god. [18] According to common Arabian belief, soothsayers, pre-Islamic philosophers, and poets were inspired by the jinn. [96] Al-Uzza's principal shrine was in Nakhla and she was the chief-goddess of the Quraysh tribe. The Basl recognised at least eight months of the calendar as holy. [63], The pantheon of the Quraysh was not identical with that of the tribes who entered into various cult and commercial associations with them, especially that of the hums. Pre-Islamic groups followed many gods and stored idols and statues within the Kaaba. It is fifteen meters tall and ten and a half meters on each side; its corners roughly align with the cardinal directions. The Kaaba marked the location where the sacred world intersected with the profane; the embedded Black Stone was a further symbol of this as a meteorite that had fallen from the sky and linked heaven and earth. At Mina, animals were sacrificed. [44], Allt (Arabic: ) or al-Lt was worshipped throughout the ancient Near East with various associations. They did not perform the pilgrimage outside the zone of Mecca's haram, thus excluding Mount Arafat. [11] In South Arabia, the most common god was 'Athtar, who was considered remote. [184][185] According to Robert Bertram Serjeant, the Baharna may be the Arabized "descendants of converts from Christians (Arameans), Jews and ancient Persians (Majus) inhabiting the island and cultivated coastal provinces of Eastern Arabia at the time of the Arab conquest". Direct link to Maliha Hossain's post Inside the Kaaba are two , Posted 8 years ago. [125] Pilgrimage to Mecca was a popular custom. According to the holy Muslim text the Quran, Ibrahim, together with his son Ishmael, raised the foundations of a house and began work on the Kaaba around 2130 BCE. The patron deity (shym) was considered to be of much more immediate significance than 'Athtar. The Holy KaabaBy: Shuaib BalogunAnthropology 100 H The 'Kaaba', which in Arabic means "The Cube" is a cubic building at the centre of Islam's most sacred mosque called Al-Masjid al-Haram, in Mecca, Saudi Arabia (Armstrong, K. 2007). Direct link to i 's post It is believed that Ibrah. Hello world! [12] Tribes, towns, clans, lineages and families had their own cults too. [59] The pilgrimage of Ta'lab Riyam took place in Mount Tur'at and the Zabyan temple at Hadaqan, while the pilgrimage of Dhu-Samawi, the god of the Amir tribe, took place in Yathill. [180] From the Islamic sources, it seems that Judaism was the religion most followed in Yemen. The same year, during the reign of Ottoman Emperor Murad IV, the Kaaba was rebuilt with granite stones from Mecca, and the Mosque was renovated. Setting aside any tribal feuds, they would worship their gods in the Kaaba and trade with each other in the city. Healey. If possible, Muslims are to kiss or touch it, but this is often not possible because of the large crowds. byron ferguson safari longbow. He said, "Forty years." [123] In line with the broader trends of the ancient world, Arabia yearned for a more spiritual form of religion and began believing in afterlife, while the choice of religion increasingly became a personal rather than communal choice. Muhammad and Islam. This is an early record from the Rashidun caliphate, of a Christian origin that explicitly mentions the Kaaba, and confirms the idea that not just the Arabs but certain Christians as well, associated the site with Ibrahim in the seventh century. According to the holy Muslim text the Quran, Ibrahim, together with his son Ishmael, raised the foundations of a house and began work on the Kaaba around 2130 BCE. Direct link to Hanouf's post Hello, The latest repair of Kaaba took place in 1999. Each numbered item in the following list corresponds to features noted in the diagram image. [33], In Samaritan literature, the Samaritan Book of the Secrets of Moses (Asatir) states that Ismail and his eldest son Nebaioth built the Kaaba as well as the city of Mecca. The Quraysh tribe, who ruled Mecca, rebuilt the pre-Islamic Kaaba in c. 608 C.E. Direct link to i 's post No, not really. ; Kaba. [80] For example, the pantheon of Saba comprised Almaqah, the major deity, together with 'Athtar, Haubas, Dhat-Himyam, and Dhat-Badan. The measurements of the Kaba's Ibrahimic . [71][72] A more elaborate form of the ritual was performed in before the image of Hubal. So many people go there alreadyimagine adding tourists! how many idols were in the kaaba before islam. [133] The Syrian god Baalshamin was also worshipped by Safaitic tribes and is mentioned in Safaitic inscriptions. [88] The god Almaqah was worshiped at Hawulti-Melazo. Their views are as follows: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Practices such as killing of infant girls were often regarded as having religious sanction. [citation needed], During Muhammad's lifetime (570632 CE), the Kaaba was considered a holy site by the local Arabs. [86] Dhul-Khalasa was an oracular god and was also worshipped by the Bajila and Khatham tribes. Deities were venerated and invoked through a variety of rituals, including pilgrimages and divination, as well as ritual sacrifice. Some Arabs in northeast of the peninsula converted to Zoroastrianism and several Zoroastrian temples were constructed in Najd. jabal. Historian Patricia Crone has cast doubt on the claim that Mecca was a major historical trading outpost. For instance, when they got hungry, they would cut their idols into pieces and eat them. The Qibla is the direction faced during prayer. . [citation needed], The Kaaba was bombarded with stones in the second siege of Mecca in 692, in which the Umayyad army was led by al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf. [159], The idol of the god al-Uqaysir was, according to the Book of Idols, located in Syria, and was worshipped by the tribes of Quda'a, Lakhm, Judham, Amela, and Ghatafan. [138] They transformed it into a desert tent-shrine set up with a copper sculpture of a snake. For a general overview of civilization in Arabia before Islam, see, Religious beliefs of Arabs outside Arabia, Robin, Christian Julien, "South Arabia, Religions in Pre-Islamic", in, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMcAuliffe2005 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFLebling2010 (, Bwering, Gerhard, "God and his Attributes", in, Robin, Christian Julien, "Arabia and Ethiopia", in, Corrente, Paola, "Dushara and Allt alias Dionysos and Aphrodite in Herodotus 3.8", in, Robin, Christian Julien, "Before Himyar: Epigraphic evidence", in, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKorotaev1996 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPeters2017 (, Donner, Fred M., "The historical context", in, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMcAuliffe2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFTabari1990 (, AA.VV. [104][107][108], The Kaaba, whose environs were regarded as sacred (haram), became a national shrine under the custodianship of the Quraysh, the chief tribe of Mecca, which made the Hejaz the most important religious area in north Arabia. ", After the conquest, Muhammad restated the sanctity and holiness of Mecca, including its Great Mosque (Masjid al-Haram), in Islam.

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